| Peer-Reviewed

Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes

Received: 28 May 2013     Published: 20 June 2013
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experimentally, had high acid value of 24.66mgKOH/g and FFA level of 12.33%. As a result, acid pretreatment followed by transestrifcation reaction path was chosen to produce biodiesel. Boric acid was used to reduce the lime of the flesh and sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as alcohol were used to reduce the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5% in the pretreatment reaction. After reducing the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5%, transestrification reaction was conducted with alkaline catalyst potassium hydroxide. Several experiments were performed in a wide range of operating conditions to screen out the optimum operating parameters for the extraction of biodiesel from fleshing oil. The result demonstrated that 6:1 ration of methanol to oil, 1% of catalyst, temperature of 60oc and a contact time of 1hr are found to be the optimum operating parameters in the transesterification reaction. Over 97% conversion of the oil was achieved at the specified optimum operating conditions. Characterization the produced FAME reveals that viscosity of 4.47mm2/s, density of 876kg/m3, cetane number of 40.7 and iodine value of 61.3gI2/100ml were obtained. The fleshing oil biodiesel was compared with the international standards (ASTM and EN) and the result was in good agreement.

Published in International Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
Page(s) 120-129
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fleshing oil, Transestrification, Alkaline Catalyst, Pretreatment, Biodiesel

References
[1] LAY L. MYINT. Process analysis and optimization of biodiesel production from vegetable oils.
[2] Ratledge, Boulton CA. Fats and oils. In: Moo Young M., Blanch HN, Dream S, Wang DIC, editors, Comparative Biotechnology in industry, agriculture and medicine, 1985, vol. 3. New York: Pergamon Press, p. 983– 1003.
[3] Lee I, Johnson LA, Hammond EG. Use of branched-chain esters to reduce the crystallization temperature of Biodiesel. 1995, JAOCS; 72:1155–60.
[4] The Federal Environmental Protection Authority, Environmental impact Assessment Guideline for Tanneries
[5] Alptekin E et al. Evaluation of leather industry wastes as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Fuel (2011), doi: 10.1016/ j.fuel.2011.08.055.
[6] Kolomaznik K, Barinova M, Furst T. Possibility of using tannery waste for biodiesel production. JALCA 2009; 104:177–82.
[7] ASTM D 6751. ASTM’s Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels.
[8] Fukuda, H., A. Kondo, and H. Noda. 2001. "Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification
[9] Vivian Feddern et al., Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Brazil. Animal Fat Wastes for Biodiesel
[10] Caye M. Drapcho, Nghiem Phu Nhuan and Terry H. Walker. Bio-fuels Engineering Process Technology.
[11] Andualem Ayalew. Cleaner Production Options for Solid Waste Management in the Leather Industry. Addis Ababa University.
[12] Schinas P. Karavalakis G. Davaris C, Anastopoulos G, Karonis D, Zannikos F, et al. Pumpkin (Cuccurbita pepo L) seed oil as an alternative feedstock for the production of biodiesel in Greece. Biomass Bioenerg 2009:33(1):44-9.
[13] Alhasan M, Isah AG and Garba MU (2005). Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil. The 6th Annual Engineering Conference S.E.E.T. F.U.T. Minna, 2005.
[14] Cocks, L. V. and Vanrede, C. Laboratory Hand book for oil and Fat analysis. New York: Lawson press, 1984.
[15] Susan A. Roces, Raymond Tan, Francisco Jose T. Da Cruz, Shuren C. Gong, and Rison K. Veracruz. Methanolysis of Jatropha Oil Using Conventional Heating.
[16] Ananthakrishnan TN (1982). Bioresources Ecology, Volume 2. Oxford & IBH Publishing
[17] Drapcho, Caye, Nghiem Phu Nhuan and Terry H.Walker. Biofuels Engineering Process Technology. New York Chi
[18] Canakci, M., and J. Van Gerpen. 1999. "Biodiesel production via acid cataly-sis." Trans ASAE. 42:1203–1210. cago San Fr: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2008.
[19] ASTM D 6751. ASTM’s Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels.
[20] Isler A, Sundu S, Tuter M, Karaosmanoglu F. Transesterification reaction of the fat
[21] Colak S, Zengin G, Ozgunay H, Sari O, Sarıkahya H, Yuceer L. Utilisation of leather
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Eshetu Getahun, Eshetu Getahun, Nigus Gabiyye, Nigus Gabiyye. (2013). Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 2(3), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Eshetu Getahun; Eshetu Getahun; Nigus Gabiyye; Nigus Gabiyye. Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2013, 2(3), 120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Eshetu Getahun, Eshetu Getahun, Nigus Gabiyye, Nigus Gabiyye. Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2013;2(3):120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17,
      author = {Eshetu Getahun and Eshetu Getahun and Nigus Gabiyye and Nigus Gabiyye},
      title = {Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes},
      journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
      volume = {2},
      number = {3},
      pages = {120-129},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20130203.17},
      abstract = {Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experimentally, had high acid value of 24.66mgKOH/g and FFA level of 12.33%. As a result, acid pretreatment followed by transestrifcation reaction path was chosen to produce biodiesel. Boric acid was used to reduce the lime of the flesh and sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as alcohol were used to reduce the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5% in the pretreatment reaction. After reducing the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5%, transestrification reaction was conducted with alkaline catalyst potassium hydroxide. Several experiments were performed in a wide range of operating conditions to screen out the optimum operating parameters for the extraction of biodiesel from fleshing oil. The result demonstrated that 6:1 ration of methanol to oil, 1% of catalyst, temperature of 60oc and a contact time of 1hr are found to be the optimum operating parameters in the transesterification reaction. Over 97% conversion of the oil was achieved at the specified optimum operating conditions. Characterization the produced FAME reveals that viscosity of 4.47mm2/s, density of 876kg/m3, cetane number of 40.7 and iodine value of 61.3gI2/100ml were obtained. The fleshing oil biodiesel was compared with the international standards (ASTM and EN) and the result was in good agreement.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes
    AU  - Eshetu Getahun
    AU  - Eshetu Getahun
    AU  - Nigus Gabiyye
    AU  - Nigus Gabiyye
    Y1  - 2013/06/20
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
    T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
    JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
    JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
    SP  - 120
    EP  - 129
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1549
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
    AB  - Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experimentally, had high acid value of 24.66mgKOH/g and FFA level of 12.33%. As a result, acid pretreatment followed by transestrifcation reaction path was chosen to produce biodiesel. Boric acid was used to reduce the lime of the flesh and sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as alcohol were used to reduce the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5% in the pretreatment reaction. After reducing the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5%, transestrification reaction was conducted with alkaline catalyst potassium hydroxide. Several experiments were performed in a wide range of operating conditions to screen out the optimum operating parameters for the extraction of biodiesel from fleshing oil. The result demonstrated that 6:1 ration of methanol to oil, 1% of catalyst, temperature of 60oc and a contact time of 1hr are found to be the optimum operating parameters in the transesterification reaction. Over 97% conversion of the oil was achieved at the specified optimum operating conditions. Characterization the produced FAME reveals that viscosity of 4.47mm2/s, density of 876kg/m3, cetane number of 40.7 and iodine value of 61.3gI2/100ml were obtained. The fleshing oil biodiesel was compared with the international standards (ASTM and EN) and the result was in good agreement.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Dept, Chemical Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

  • Dept, Chemical Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

  • Dept, Chemical Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

  • Dept, Chemical Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

  • Sections